Obesity, the excessive accumulation of body fat, is one of the most common human health problems. 33 , public health sources estimate that 40-50% of the population of the United States is obese. 34 principally by the intake of food in excess of the body’s requirements, obesity of significance can be generally defined as a body weight 20% above the ideal weight for a given population. A person’s degree of obesity was 35 determined by measuring the individual’s height and weight and referring to the standard height and weight tables assembled by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. However, it was subsequently discovered that there were fallacies in this system. For example, a football player who has a marked increase in musculature and normal carcass fat, and a person with fluid buildup in the tissues due to heart problems may appear obese when measured by this standard, when in actuality they are not. A more 36 method of measuring obesity is caliper measurement of skinfold thickness in such areas as the subscapular region of the triceps. A thickness of over 23 mm in males and 30 mm in females constitutes obesity in persons aged 30 to 50. Two broad clinical types of obesity have been identified: lifelong obesity, in which sufferers tend to be grossly overweight, with body fat distributed uniformly; and adult-onset obesity, which is usually manifested as “middle-aged spread,” and is characterized by centralized distribution of body fat. The prognosis for the former is 37 , whereas those suffering from the latter are frequently able to return to normal body weight. 103 學年度南臺灣國民中學教師甄選命題策略聯盟筆試試題 專門科目-英語