With the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644, China came under the rule of foreign invaders again. The Manchu ＿＿（16）＿＿ were essentially the same people as the Ruzhen who had established Jin dynasty in north China 500 years ago. Despite their ＿＿（17）＿＿ origin, the Manchus had long admired China and adapted important aspects of the Ming imperial system in their new dynasty, the Qing dynasty. The Qing emperors were determined to be ＿＿（18）＿＿ legitimate rulers rather than resented as usurpers to the throne. In the face of domestic ＿＿（19）＿＿, prolonged armed resistance, and Chinese antipathy toward invading "barbarians," they managed to rule. They succeeded in ＿＿（20）＿＿ authority and revitalizing the state. Indeed, the Qing dynasty came to represent the most successful synthesis in Chinese history of Chinese and non-Chinese institutions, lasting nearly 300 years until the institution of imperial rule was overthrown by revolution in 1911.