The process for awarding host city honors came under intense scrutiny after Salt Lake City had been awarded the right to host the 2002 Olympic Games. Soon after the host city had been announced, it was discovered that the organizers had engaged in an elaborate bribery scheme to ＿＿（31）＿＿ with IOC (International Olympic Committee) officials. Gifts and other financial considerations were given to those who would evaluate and vote on Salt Lake City's bid. These gifts included medical treatment for relatives, a college scholarship for one member's son and a land deal in Utah. Even IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch received two rifles ＿＿（32）＿＿ $2,000. Samaranch defended the gift as inconsequential since, as president, he was a non-voting member. The subsequent investigation has uncovered inconsistencies in the bids for every Olympics (both Summer and Winter) since 1988. ＿＿（33）＿＿ , the gifts received by IOC members from the Japanese Organizing Committee for Nagano's bid for the 1998 Winter Olympics were described by the investigation committee as "astronomical." Although nothing strictly illegal had been done, the IOC feared that corporate sponsors would lose faith in the integrity of the process and that the Olympic brand would be tarnished to such an extent ＿＿（34）＿＿ advertisers would begin to pull their support. The investigation resulted in the expulsion of 10 IOC members and the sanctioning of another 10. New terms and age limits were established for IOC membership, and 15 former Olympic athletes were added to the committee. Stricter rules for future bids were imposed, with ＿＿（35）＿＿ imposed on the value of gifts IOC members could accept from bid cities.