Inventions, creations, technological advancements when protected take the form of copyrights, patents, trademarks or trade secrets. These __1__ properties are assets of business enterprises, as they are essential for the success of businesses. __2__, it is necessary to encourage their growth and also provide legal protection against misuse, theft, etc. Copyright law gives authors and artists the right to control the reproduction and performance of their works. The period of protection varies in each country. By and large, protection is __3__ to authors for their life plus 50 years, and for photographic works of applied art for 25 years. Patents provide __4__ right to manufacture or use an invention for a specific period of time. Patent laws are primarily territorial. However, there are a couple of international agreements to provide patent protection like the European Patent Convention and the Patent Co-operation Treaty. Lack of a universally accepted patent law hinders introduction of a product on a global basis. Trademark is any work, name, symbol, or device or any combination __5__ adopted and used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify his goods and distinguish them from those manufactured or sold by others.