children in learning their first language appeared to do a lot of speaking before they listen. ⒷThe Natural Approach suggests that learners would benefit from delaying production until speech emerges that learners should be as relaxed as possible in the classroom. ⒸSilent Way stresses that Learning is facilitated if the learner remembers and repeats rather than discovers or creates what is to be learned. ⒹIn the surrounding of Community Language Learning, each learner doesn’t lower the defenses that prevent open, interpersonal communication. ( 7 14 ) (25~31) Living without pain may not require potent drugs, according to a new study published in the medical journal Pain — all you need is a cushion, a quiet corner and maybe a mantra. Previous research has found that people who 25 Zen meditation are less sensitive to pain. For the new study, researchers at the University of Montreal aimed to figure out why. They exposed 13 Zen masters and 13 26 nonpractitioners to equal degrees of painful heat while measuring their brain activity in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The meditators reported feeling less pain than the control group did. What’s more, the Zen group reported feelings of pain at levels below 27 their neurological output from the fMRI indicated. 28 , their brains were receiving pain signals, but they weren’t translating them to actual feelings of pain. While the pain centers in the meditators’ brains lit up, the areas of the brain 29 higher-order processes like cognition, emotion and memory were understimulated. “Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated that although the meditators were aware of the pain, this sensation wasn’t 30 in the part of their brains that deals with appraisal, reasoning or memory formation. We think that they feel the sensations, but cut the process short, 31 interpretation or labeling of the stimuli as painful,” said lead author Pierre Rainville, a researcher at the University of Montreal, in a statement.