In recent years, the global order has undergone a gradual but significant transformation, marked by a shift from cooperative interdependence toward strategic competition among major powers. Rather than engaging in direct confrontation, countries increasingly deploy indirect instruments—such as economic sanctions, technological restrictions, and selective alliances—to consolidate influence while minimizing overt conflict. This shift in geopolitical dynamics reflects a deeper reconfiguration of globalization itself. Economic interdependence, once regarded as a stabilizing mechanism that reduced the likelihood of conflict, is now perceived as a potential vulnerability. Countries have begun to reassess their reliance on global supply chains, particularly in sectors deemed critical to national security. Consequently, policies that emphasize resilience and self-sufficiency have gained prominence, even at the cost of economic efficiency. At the same time, technological leadership has emerged as a defining dimension of geopolitical rivalry. Control over advanced technologies—especially in artificial intelligence and semiconductor production—is no longer merely an economic objective but a strategic imperative. This development has intensified competition while also raising barriers to international collaboration. Although such strategies may yield short-term advantages, they risk accelerating the fragmentation of the global system into competing blocs. In the long run, this fragmentation may undermine collective efforts to address transnational challenges. Thus, the evolving geopolitical landscape reflects not only intensified competition but also a growing tension between national security and global cooperation.