外交人員考試三等考試-外交領事人員類科英文組二國際經濟(以英文命題及作答)111 年第 2 題單選題

After Italy, Spain, Portugal joined the European Union, why does their trade deficit get worse? Which of the following statements is true?

AThey could not expand their government expenditure.

BThey could not depreciate their currency.正確答案

CThey could not offer tax incentives to industrial sectors.

DThey could not reduce welfare expenditure.

答案與詳解

正確答案

加入歐元區後喪失貨幣主權，無法靠貶值改善貿易逆差，這是貨幣同盟的代價。

採用歐元後貨幣政策交由 ECB，南歐國家失去匯率工具，無法透過本國貨幣貶值提升出口競爭力，面對德國等高生產力國家只能持續逆差。

考點：財政政策考點：匯率政策喪失考點：租稅優惠考點：社會福利

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