The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment was a large-scale test of one of policing's most cherished doctrines: conspicuous and aggressive patrol in all areas of the community at ＿＿（53）＿＿ times prevents crime and reduces the public's fear of crime. ＿＿（54）＿＿ with a Police Foundation grant, this 12-month experiment ＿＿（55）＿＿ geographical areas or beats covering 32 square miles into reactive, proactive and control beats to test the doctrine of conspicuous and aggressive patrol. The findings were controversial and included such data as no significant ＿＿（56）＿＿ in reported crime or arrests across the three types of beat and no significant differences in security measures taken by citizens and businesses.