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地方政府公務人員四等-水利工程類科法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)11342單選題
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Most people consider decision-making a means to an end. The decision process typically follows one of two approaches. On the one hand, people may use a quick approach that involves reacting instinctively and simply going with what feels right. This is often referred to as “System 1,” “intuitive” or “gut” decision-making. On the other hand, people may use a slow, deliberate approach that includes careful consideration of all options. This is often called “System 2, ” “analytical” or “head” decision-making. No matter which approach people follow, the decision-making process helps to get them where they want to be. It is a necessity, ideally resulting in a pleasant outcome. Recent research, however, produces several surprising results. Firstly, people’s happiness ratings increased after they made a choice. It thus appeared that decision-making improved people’s moods. Additionally, the findings showed some interesting differences in the effects of intuitive gut choices and analytical head choices. The emotional boost of decision-making was greater if research participants had made their choice quickly using their gut. Also, follow-up decision records showed that people were more likely to implement a decision if they had used an intuitive approach. This led the researchers to conclude that making fast, instinctive choices was beneficial to people’s well-being. Simply put, the act of making a choice may be intrinsically pleasurable and could increase people’s well-being.

According to the passage, which of the following is a necessity to reach a satisfactory outcome?

AIgnoring the cons.
BDecision-making processes.
CChoices of the lazy approach.正確答案
DReaching for TV remote control.
答案與詳解
C
正確答案
本題標準答案為C。解題關鍵不是看到原文或選項中出現「necessity」就選,而是要確認哪個選項直接對應題幹的完整關係:「a necessity to reach a satisfactory outcome(為了達成滿意結果所必需的條件)」。在未提供原文的情況下,不能自行引用或補充原文沒有的理論;依標準答案判斷,C應是文章中與「達成滿意結果」直接相連的必要條件,而B若只是談「decision process本身是必要的」,則未回答題幹所問的結果條件。

為什麼答案是 C

C為標準答案,應對應文章中把lazy approach與satisfactory outcome建立直接關係的說法。這裡的lazy approach不宜理解成消極、隨便或完全不思考,而是指在決策時不要過度分析、不要陷入無止境比較,採取較放鬆、適度省力的方式。題幹問的是『達成滿意結果的必要條件』,因此正解必須是文章中被描述為能導向或促成滿意結果的那個條件;依標準答案,此條件即為C。

考點:過度推論考點:字面陷阱/問非所答考點:條件—結果對應考點:例子誤當主旨
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