Discourse is an idealized and formalized version of communicative action. In communicative action participants search for ＿＿（16）＿＿ understanding by offering arguments that could command assent. As ＿＿（17）＿＿ to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about ＿＿（18）＿＿ understanding. For example, in strategic action participants often attempt to ＿＿（19）＿＿ each other by introducing influences unrelated to the merits of an argument, such as threats, bribes, or coercion. Such inducements can bring about the desired behavior even in situation ＿＿（20）＿＿ the other player is not convinced that there are any inherently good reasons to act that way.