Although oceans cover two-thirds of the surface of the Earth, they are surprisingly vulnerable to human influences, ＿＿（57）＿＿ overfishing, pollution from run-off, and dumping of waste. This kind of pollution can have serious economic and health impacts by killing marine life and damaging habitats and ecosystems. Toxins from pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals used on farms ＿＿（58）＿＿ nearby rivers that flow into the ocean, and this can cause extensive loss of marine life in bays and estuaries, ＿＿（59）＿＿ the creation of dead zones. The dumping of industrial, nuclear and other waste into oceans was legal until the early 1970's when ＿＿（60）＿＿ . However, illegal dumping still occurs in many places.
第 60 格應填入：
Ait first came to reality
Bit was first regulated正確答案
Cthey came into existence
Dthey became updated
答案與詳解
B
正確答案
空格60考語境填空：1970年代初期廢棄物傾倒海洋從「合法變為受規範」，選B「it was first regulated（首次被規範）」最符合短文語意。
為什麼答案是 B
短文明確指出「The dumping...was legal until the early 1970's when 60」，意即1970年代初某件事改變了合法狀態。「it was first regulated（首次被規範/立法）」精確填補此轉折，符合後句「However, illegal dumping still occurs」暗示已有法規存在的語境。
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重點空格60考語境填空：1970年代初期廢棄物傾倒海洋從「合法變為受規範」，選B「it was first regulated（首次被規範）」最符合短文語意。
「it first came to reality（首次成為現實）」語意不通，短文討論的是傾倒行為從合法到受限制的轉折點，而非某事物「首次實現」，與上下文完全不搭。
B✓ 正確
短文明確指出「The dumping...was legal until the early 1970's when 60」，意即1970年代初某件事改變了合法狀態。「it was first regulated（首次被規範/立法）」精確填補此轉折，符合後句「However, illegal dumping still occurs」暗示已有法規存在的語境。
C✕
「they came into existence（它們開始存在）」代名詞they指涉不明，且「某物開始存在」無法解釋為何傾倒行為從合法變為不合法，語意不符短文邏輯。
D✕
「they became updated（它們被更新）」代名詞they同樣指涉不明，且「被更新」不足以表達廢棄物傾倒首次受到法律管制這一明確的政策轉折點。
短文中廢棄物傾倒海洋的時間軸
時期
法律狀態
短文依據
1970年代初以前
合法（legal）
was legal until the early 1970's
1970年代初
首次被規範（first regulated）
when it was first regulated（空格B答案）
現今
仍有非法傾倒
illegal dumping still occurs in many places
陷阱提醒
選項A的「came to reality」容易讓考生誤以為與「首次出現」相關而選之；選項C/D的代名詞they看似指廢棄物種類（industrial, nuclear and other waste），但語意根本無法與主句「傾倒行為從合法轉變」銜接，需緊扣「was legal until...when」的因果轉折結構判斷。
