In contrast to other host cities who have often taken on the Olympic Games without clear objectives, the organizers of the Barcelona Olympics set one major goal: the transformation of Barcelona into one of Europe's great centers of tourism and business. For this reason, the organizers worked to the direct costs of hosting the Games while focusing their investment on improvements that would benefit the city for years to come. The construction of sports venues less than 10% of the construction costs; the rest of the money went to expanding roads, green spaces, housing, hotels, and business centers. Most notably, the Olympic Village was built to reconnect the city with its waterfront; an attractive port was added, and over two miles of beaches were created. In terms of its direct profit from the Games, Barcelona had a modest surplus of about $5 million. , the positive effects in future years were immense. The improvements to the waterfront and roads greatly improved the quality of life. Furthermore, the Olympics helped Barcelona from an often-overlooked city to a prime destination for tourism and business. In 1990, it was ranked as only the 11th-best European city to do business in, but by 2011 it had to number four. Tourism doubled, and the Olympics generated over 20,000 permanent jobs for the city.