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地方政府公務人員三等-財稅行政類科法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)113 年第 47 題單選題
📖 閱讀測驗 · 共用前文
While “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” is a term often used by the media, it does not paint an accurate picture of the marine debris problem in the North Pacific Ocean. Marine debris concentrates in various regions of the North Pacific, not just in one area. The exact size, content, and location of the “garbage patches” are difficult to accurately predict. The name “Pacific Garbage Patch” is not visible with satellite or aerial photographs. While higher concentrations of litter items can be found in this area, much of the debris is actually small pieces of floating plastic that are not immediately evident to the naked eye. The entire Great Pacific Garbage Patch is bounded by the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The circular motion of the gyre draws debris into this stable center, where it becomes trapped. While many different types of trash enter the ocean, plastics make up the majority of marine debris for two reasons. First, plastic’s durability, low cost, and malleability mean that it’s being used in more and more consumer and industrial products. Second, plastic goods do not biodegrade but instead, break down into smaller pieces. It is possible to sail through “garbage patch” areas in the Pacific and see very little or no debris on the water’s surface. Debris found in any region of the ocean can easily be ingested by marine species causing choking, starvation, and other impairments. Cleaning up marine debris is not as easy as it sounds. Many microplastics are the same size as small sea animals, so nets designed to scoop up trash would catch these creatures as well. Even if we could design nets that would just catch garbage, the size of the oceans makes this job far too time-consuming to consider. Besides, it is not likely that any country will pay the expensive bill.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to "impairments"?

ARepair.
BExtinction.
CDamage.正確答案
DPoison.
答案與詳解
C
正確答案
本題測驗上下文推敲字義。文章中 "impairments" 與窒息、飢餓並列,指對海洋生物造成的「損害」,故同義詞為 Damage。

逐選項解析

ARepair.字義推敲✕ 錯誤
"Repair" 意為「修復、修理」。文章提到海洋生物吞食垃圾會導致窒息與飢餓,顯然是負面影響,不可能造成修復,故完全不符合上下文語意。
BExtinction.字義推敲✕ 錯誤
"Extinction" 意為「滅絕」。雖然海洋垃圾嚴重可能導致物種滅絕,但此處與「窒息、飢餓」並列,指涉的是個體生理機能的損傷,而非整個物種的滅絕,語意過重。
CDamage.同義字替換✓ 正確
"Damage" 意為「損害、傷害」。"impairment" 本身即有機能受損、損傷之意,完美契合文章中海洋生物因吞食垃圾而導致身體受傷害的語境,為最接近的同義詞。
DPoison.過度推論✕ 易錯陷阱
"Poison" 意為「毒物、毒害」。雖然塑膠垃圾可能含有毒素,但 "impairment" 的核心字義是「損害、削弱」,泛指各種機能損傷,並非專指中毒,故 Damage 更為精確。

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