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國中教甄|英語英語113 年第 69 題單選題
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Japan faces a profound challenge with its aging population, driven by declining birth rates and longer life expectancies. This shift has far-reaching implications across the economy, society, and culture, demanding urgent attention and innovative solutions. A striking aspect of Japan's aging crisis is its rapidly shrinking workforce. With fewer young workers due to declining births and a significant segment of the population nearing retirement age, the country faces a shortage that strains pensions, healthcare, and industries reliant on robust labor. Additionally, this demographic change also brings social and cultural challenges. Traditional family structures, where multiple generations lived together and cared for elders, are evolving as younger generations pursue careers and urban lifestyles. Consequently, this shift impacts caregiving dynamics, housing, and support networks. Economically, Japan's aging population leads to reduced productivity and innovation, thereby slowing economic growth. Moreover, the strain on healthcare and social welfare escalates with surging demands for elder care services and facilities. Therefore, comprehensive policies promoting workforce participation, innovation, and support for aging individuals and families are imperative. Embracing technological advancements like robotics and AI offers a solution to offset labor shortages, enhance productivity, improve healthcare, and support independent living among older adults. Investment in research and development in these fields promises long-term benefits for Japan. Furthermore, reimagining social structures is critical in addressing the aging crisis, encouraging flexible work arrangements, active aging initiatives, and community-based care models that empower older adults while alleviating pressure on healthcare and social services. Leveraging Japan's cultural heritage and strong community ties can foster intergenerational solidarity through initiatives promoting intergenerational exchange, volunteerism, and mentorship, thereby bridging generational gaps and creating a more inclusive society where all ages contribute meaningfully. Japan's aging population necessitates a holistic approach. Through technological innovation, revamped social structures, and fostering intergenerational solidarity, Japan can navigate this demographic shift towards a sustainable and inclusive future. The challenge is significant, but with proactive policies and concerted efforts, Japan can turn aging into an opportunity for growth and renewal.

Based on the passage, which chart accurately represents the trend in Japan's workforce and population distribution over the past 30 years? Age Distribution of Japan's Population (1994-2024)

AAge Distribution of Japan's Population (1994-2024)
BPopulation Growth of Japan (1994-2024) Year Population Growth Rate (%) 1994 1.0 1999 0.8 2004 0.5正確答案
C2009 0.2 2014 0.1 2019 0.0 2024 -0.1 試題公告 Elderly Population Growth (65+ Years) (1994-2024) Year Population Growth Rate (%) 1994 14 1999 18 2004 22
D2009 25 2014 27 2019 29 2024 32 70
答案與詳解
B
正確答案
官方答案選 B,因為人口成長率由正轉負,最能呈現日本過去 30 年少子化、高齡化與勞動力縮減的整體趨勢。

為什麼答案是 B

B 呈現日本人口成長率從 1994 年的 1.0% 逐步下降,到 2024 年轉為 -0.1%,符合文章所述少子化、高齡化與勞動力縮減所造成的人口成長動能下降。

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