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國小教甄|英語英語106 年第 51 題單選題
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Inter-language switching, once the pariah of language learners, is now an eminently respectable part of both bilingual language performance and linguistic analysis. Switching involves the use of more than one language code or system in an utterance. Such inter-language switching is endemic, creative and popular in many of the Outer Circle communities like Singapore, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. In places like Singapore, it may routinely involve three languages or even more—in Singapore that means especially English, Chinese and Malay. Most studies of switching are concerned with the forms of languages. This can be phonological, as happens when we swap from authentic to foreign pronunciation. It can be morphological, for instance in the unstable realization of the plural in Asian Englishes in public signs. Such forms may well become either standard or fully accepted variants respectively in Macao and Malaysia. As things stand at present, however, this use (or not) of the plural is not standard, and constitutes switching or cross-code interference. Switching requires that both speakers share sufficient knowledge of two or more shared languages. It is also typically asymmetrical, in that one speaker will be more competent than the other, or that one speaker will make more accommodation than the other. This may involve the negotiation and choice of the language which the two speakers best share for communication, or it may involve the selection of language forms appropriate to the language level of both, and especially the weaker speaker. Switching is therefore a communicative strategy. It is often deliberate and strategic, as when a stronger speaker accommodates to a less competent interlocutor. But it can also be motivated by language gaps, when a speaker lacks command of language forms for a particular task of communication. And with really competent bilinguals switches can be part of competent, witty, expressive interpersonal communication, where the enjoyment and exploitation of language resources seem to emerge naturally, rapidly, and seamlessly in the flow of communication. Bilingual children do this with particular ease and unconscious grace. Switching is a natural part of finding appropriate expression for a message.

What is the primary purpose of this passage?

ATo define inter-language switching.
BTo ban inter-language switching among bilingual children.
CTo promote inter-language switching among bilingual children.
DTo introduce inter-language switching.正確答案
答案與詳解
D
正確答案
全文介紹語言轉換(inter-language switching)是什麼、在哪裡常見、研究關注什麼、需要什麼條件以及為何發生,屬於整體性的「介紹」,答案為 D。

逐選項解析

ATo define inter-language switching.✕ 易錯陷阱
範圍太窄。文中雖有一句定義(the use of more than one language code or system in an utterance),但全文還談到分布地區、研究面向、使用條件與動機,不只是下定義。
BTo ban inter-language switching among bilingual children.✕ 錯誤
與文意相反。作者說語言轉換如今已是 "eminently respectable",還稱讚雙語兒童轉換得自然優雅,沒有要禁止。
CTo promote inter-language switching among bilingual children.✕ 錯誤
DTo introduce inter-language switching.✓ 正確

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