_____ have three ways of defending themselves. They are marketing, nudging customers towards newer drugs still protected by patent, and paying the competitors not to produce:
AIncomings
BOutgoings
CIncumbents正確答案
DDepartments
答案與詳解
Incumbents 原指「現任官員」,商業語境引申為「市場既有業者、龍頭企業」。題幹三招(行銷、引導買新藥、付錢給對手不生產)正是大藥廠防禦競爭的典型策略。
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