3D food printing, an innovative technology in recent years, has revolutionized the way people design and produce food. From creating visually appealing dishes to preparing meals with customized nutrition, it provides customized and efficient solutions for both culinary creativity and healthcare needs._ （41） Food printing technology was first introduced by mechanical engineers at Columbia University in 2005. （42） Compared to these former models, modern printing machines are now capable of creating far more complex designs and textures. Their cartridges can be filled with a variety of food materials, such as sugar, dough, and chocolate. （43） For example, chocolate can be printed in intricate and visually stunning forms atop a sugar structure, resulting in a truly unique dessert. （44） It enables food designers to tailor meals to individual needs and create dishes with precise nutritional content. （45） Care homes and hospitals can use this technology to produce customized meals, improving both nutrition and the overall dining experience for patients.