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警察人員考試三等考試-消防警察人員類別中華民國憲法與消防警察專業英文11157單選題
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More often, people have heard about PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) in the context of war, with combat -exposed veterans. While combat veterans often return to the normality of the civilian life after deployment, the job of firefighters, police officers and emergency medical services workers involves regular, routine exposure to all types of traumas, for years and decades of their careers. Research shows that 20% of firefighters pass the diagnostic threshold for PTSD at some point in their career. The symptoms developed include frequent nightmares, flashbacks, avoiding reminders of trauma and being easily startled. Depression, anxiety, and substance use are the consequences caused by cumulative trauma exposure. The problem-solving and "being in charge" work attitude that is a strength of firefighters can sometimes become a barrier in seeking help, as they might see vulnerability as a sign of failure. It is often heard from firefighters the feeling of shame and worries that others might see them as weak for sharing and discussing the traumatic experience they have being through. Consequently, firefighters' tough work ceases to be the conversation topic at their family dinner table. Left unaddressed, trauma and chronic stress can lead to not only mental health consequences but also physical illness. Fortunately, serious efforts are being made to spread awareness and fight stigma related to mental health. A variety of programs are launched to fight stigma by explaining the mechanisms of trauma and stress in the body and brain. This approach can also reframe these traumatic experiences as vulnerability rather than weakness. The "don't quit" mentality of firefighters can be shifted toward encouraging fighting the mental health consequences of trauma, instead of avoiding and denying it.

What does "substance use" mean in this article?

ADrug or alcohol dependence正確答案
BUsing violence
CImpulse buying
DUsing bad language
答案與詳解
A
正確答案
短文中 'substance use' 出現在描述 PTSD 症狀後果的句子,搭配 depression/anxiety,指的是藥物或酒精依賴等物質使用問題。

為什麼答案是 A

短文第二段寫道 'Depression, anxiety, and substance use are the consequences caused by cumulative trauma exposure.',substance use 在心理健康文獻語境中專指藥物或酒精依賴/濫用,與 depression、anxiety 並列為創傷累積的後果,與選項「Drug or alcohol dependence」吻合。

考點:醫學/心理健康專業詞彙考點:語境辨義考點:詞彙陷阱/名詞偷換
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