In a research, if members of the control group are aware that they are being compared to the experimental group and behave differently than they typically would to compensate for their perceived disadvantage, what kind of effect occurs?
AJohn Henry Effect.正確答案
BHawthorne Effect.
CPlacebo Effect.
DExperimenter Effect.
答案與詳解
A
正確答案
控制組知道被比較而「加倍努力」想超越實驗組，這就是 John Henry Effect（約翰亨利效應）。
逐選項解析
AJohn Henry Effect.✓ 正確
BHawthorne Effect.✕ 易錯陷阱
Hawthorne Effect（霍桑效應）：受試者因為「知道自己正在被觀察」而改變行為，重點在「被觀察」而非「被比較」。最容易與 A 混淆，但發生對象通常是實驗組，不是控制組的補償心態。
