Peter sets fire to Mary's house for the purpose to kill her. Peter knows that Mary's son, Tom is home with Mary at that time. Peter does not want to harm Tom but he knows the fire is substantially certain to do so. Tom is injured in the fire. Peter is .
Aliable to Tom for an intentional tort正確答案
Bliable to Tom for a negligent tort
Cstrictly liable to Tom
Dliable to Tom for nuisance
答案與詳解
A
正確答案
明知結果「實質上確定會發生」(substantially certain)，在英美侵權法上即視為故意，故對 Tom 成立故意侵權。
逐選項解析
Aliable to Tom for an intentional tort✓ 正確
Bliable to Tom for a negligent tort✕ 易錯陷阱
Negligent tort 是行為人未盡合理注意義務而造成損害。本題 Peter 是「明知」而非「疏忽」，層級遠高於過失，不能降格為 negligence。
Cstrictly liable to Tom✕ 錯誤
Strict liability（無過失責任）適用於異常危險活動、產品責任或特定動物致害等，不問主觀心態。本題 Peter 有明確主觀惡意，應論故意侵權而非無過失責任。
